Why do controlled components often perform better for forms than uncontrolled ones in React apps?

Controlled components (value managed by React state) give full control and validation at every keystroke, making it easier to sync with other UI, perform validation, and track changes. Uncontrolled components rely on DOM state (ref.current.value), which is harder to manage at scale.

Controlled inputs may re-render more often, but optimizations like React.memo and debouncing solve performance issues.